兜底民生保障更有幸福味******
【新时代新征程新伟业】
光明日报记者 孟歆迪
“前段时间院里的老人们来这儿采摘棉花，大伙儿都可高兴了。”上海市第四社会福利院“记忆家园”认知症小单元照护区负责人凌莹告诉记者，为了满足老人户外活动需求，福利院专门开辟了一片“乐活农场”，老人家可以采摘、溜达、晒太阳。“新鲜的空气总会让人充满精气神。”
一走进“记忆家园”，就看到东玉线的公交车站牌、中山中路的指路牌、庙前街的路牌……时光仿佛回到20世纪的上海松江老街。
走上二楼，钢琴、沙发的配置，像是温馨的居家客厅。三楼以仿实景公园为主题，枝藤蔓延。考虑到认知症老人的生活能力和心理变化，“记忆家园”以延续老人愉悦生活能力为目标，通过支持性空间设计，重新唤起他们对过去的记忆和对生活的热情。
唐婆婆是2021年12月进入“记忆家园”的，刚开始她的情绪一直不稳定，有时会突然大叫，多数时候很消沉，对工作人员的服务比较抗拒。凌莹和同事想尽办法，从老人的家庭、经历、兴趣爱好着手。打开“一人一档”记录簿，唐婆婆的生活习惯详细记录在簿。凌莹时常蹲在唐婆婆面前，“婆婆，有什么需要跟我说”，“婆婆，现在我们要带您去做手工哦”。一年过去，唐婆婆虽然看不清凌莹的脸，却能认出姑娘标志性的齐刘海，握住她的手说，“你又来啦！”
在去往上海市民政第二精神卫生中心的路上，就听司机师傅说，那里可以看到附近游乐园燃放的烟花，有时候会在烟花绽放时关灯，让休养员们可以更好地观赏。记者追问，什么是休养员？师傅说，“休养员就是长期在这儿休养身心的精神障碍患者”。
在中心，生活着数百位慢性精神障碍患者，他们被称呼为“休养员”。“我们平等对待每一位休养员，尽最大努力帮助他们恢复健康，让他们享受更多美好和精彩！”中心副院长徐敏说，“我们希望休养员生活充实，更希望通过我们的努力，帮助他们实现自己的价值，体悟生命的意义。”
最近，中心还有一个新计划！“增进人民福祉，推进健康中国建设。党的二十大召开以来，我们又推出了‘幸福里心灵疗愈中心’，打算将休养员的住院空间建设成一个富有上海传统文化味道的社区，通过开放自主的环境体验，进行生活模拟，不仅帮助休养员们恢复社会功能，更尝试满足他们内心对于美好生活的期许。”徐敏表示，中心将在做好精神科传统诊疗服务的基础上，坚持“全人服务”理念，尊重人的价值，融入上海里弄文化元素，在实地场所开辟心灵疗愈、职业康复、生活模拟三大功能区九个功能板块，休养员可选择进入不同区域模拟社会生活，在轻松闲适的环境中，自主开展康复治疗。“我们不光传递关爱，更尊重每一个个体。”徐敏说。
上海市第四社会福利院和上海市民政第二精神卫生中心都在上海市社会福利中心代管的10家市属社会福利事业单位之中。上海市社会福利中心系统各单位肩负着服务4000多名孤残儿童、困境儿童、老年人、慢性精神障碍患者、优抚对象等特殊群体的重要职责。
“回看过去数十年，一切在快速发展变化当中，从保障吃饱穿暖，到改善院舍设施环境、提升生活质量、提供更多暖心举措……可以说是这个社会发展进步的缩影。党的二十大给了我们很大的鼓舞，下一步，我们将坚持以人为本，进一步提升服务品质，把服务对象的关键小事作为我们开展工作的重要大事，将探索打通困难堵点，加强人文关怀，创新实践发展。”上海市社会福利中心党委书记、副主任朱海燕说。
《光明日报》（ 2022年12月09日 07版）
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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